| 黄应来,单喜乐,吴良桢.车内轰鸣声反相位抵消方法研究及应用[J].,2025,44(1):198-203 |
| 车内轰鸣声反相位抵消方法研究及应用 |
| Vehicle booming noise anti-phase cancellation methodology study and application |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-17 修订日期：2024-12-27 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 乘用车普遍存在路面激励产生车内轰鸣声的问题。车身尾门、前风挡和顶棚等大板件的局部模态将振动放大并与车内声腔耦合产生20Hz∽50Hz的轰鸣声。尾门在此频率区间存在多阶模态，振幅较大，但因造型和空间限制一般难以通过结构优化彻底抑制振动，安装吸振器是常用的措施。以某电动车型路噪40Hz频率带的轰鸣声为背景，建立车内声腔与尾门、前风挡的参数模型，求解声固耦合方程，得到车内声场在耦合频率处的振型。分析前风挡不同相位角对车内前排声压的影响,发现前风挡相位为-180?时，车内前排的入射声波与反射声波相互抵消，总声压最小。基于实车对风挡上横梁进行结构弱化，将一阶模态频率从48Hz降低到38Hz，其振动传递函数在轰鸣声频率段的相位降低120?，与尾门振动同相，车内轰鸣声从55dB(A)降低到48dB(A)。车身关键板件相位匹配降低轰鸣声的方法对噪声控制和轻量化设计具有参考意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Generally, the passenger vehicles have booming noise under the road excitation. The local modes of tailgate, windshield and roof, which is coupling with the body cavity, cause booming noise in the frequency range of 20Hz∽50Hz. The tailgate’s vibration is high, but can’t be eliminated by structure optimization due to the limits of styling and packaging. So the tuned mass damper is a commonly used solution. Based on the booming noise of an electric car around 40Hz, the parameter model of body cavity, tailgate, and windshield is built. The coupled frequency is solved from the vibro-acoustics equation by graphical method. How the windshield’s phase angle influences on the sound pressure in the front row is analyzed. When the windshield’s phase angle is -180?, the incident sound will cancel the reflected sound, and the total sound pressure will be minimized. Base on the physical car, the first modal frequency of the windshield is decreased from 48Hz to 38Hz by weakening the cross member. The windshield’s vibration phase angle is decreased by 120?, and changed to be in phase with the tailgate. The booming noise is decreased from 55dB(A) to 48dB(A). The methodology of the vehicle body panel vibration phase design is useful for noise control and lightweight. |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 路噪轰鸣声 尾门 前风挡 声固耦合 反相位抵消 |
| 英文关键词: Road booming noise Tailgate Windshield Vibro-acoustics Anti-phase cancellation |
| 基金项目: |
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