Page 127 - 《应用声学》2021年第4期

第 40 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 40, No. 4
2021 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2021

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

高速动车组气动噪声试验与仿真分析 ∗

贾尚帅 † 张文敏 韩铁礼 彭 垒

(中车唐山机车车辆有限公司技术研究中心 唐山 063035)

摘要：通过风洞试验对某高速动车组整车、受电弓及转向架远场气动噪声特性进行分析。试验结果表明，高速
动车组远场气动噪声是一宽频噪声，总声能随速度的 6.6 次方增加；由受电弓引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在
中高频，噪声峰值频率随速度变化线性增加；由转向架引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在中低频，噪声峰值频率
与速度无关。在此基础上，通过大涡模拟和声扰动方程获得该高速动车组近场噪声。高速动车组远场噪声测
点仿真结果与试验结果的最大差值 2.2 dB(A)，最大相对误差 2.5%，表明仿真模型的准确性。仿真结果表明，
车头近场噪声以车头鼻尖为界，底部气动噪声能量大于上部流线型气动噪声能量，其中转向架舱位置噪声能
量最大，因此进行车内外降噪方案设计时，应重点关注车头转向架舱位置。
关键词：高速动车组；气动噪声；风洞试验；FW-H 方程；声扰动方程
中图法分类号: U270.1+6 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)04-0611-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.04.016

Test and simulation analysis on aerodynamic noise of high-speed train

JIA Shangshuai ZHANG Wenmin HAN Tieli PENG Lei

(Technology Research Center, CRRC Tangshan Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063035, China)
Abstract: The far-field aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed train, pantograph and bogie are an-
alyzed through wind tunnel test. The test results show that, The far-field aerodynamic noise caused by train
is broadband noise, and the total sound energy increases with the 6.6-power of speed; The noise caused by
pantograph is mainly concentrated in medium-high frequency and the peak frequency increases linearly with
the change of wind speeds; The noise caused by bogie is mainly concentrated in medium-low frequency and the
peak frequency is independent of the wind speeds. On this basis, the near-field noise of the high-speed train
is obtained by large eddy simulation and acoustic perturbation equation. The maximum difference between
the simulation results and the test results of the far-field aerodynamic noise is 2.2 dB(A) and the maximum
relative error is 2.5%, indicating the accuracy of the simulation model. The simulation results show that, The
near-field aerodynamic noise of the head is bounded by nose cones, and the aerodynamic noise energy at the
bottom is greater than the top, among which the noise energy of bogie cabin is the largest, therefore, the bogie
cabin of the head should be paid more attention when designing the noise reduction scheme for the high-speed
train.
Keywords: High-speed train; Aerodynamic noise; Wind tunnel test; FW-H equation; Acoustic perturbation
equation

2020-09-25 收稿; 2021-01-24 定稿
国家重点研发计划课题资助项目 (2016YFB1200503)
∗
作者简介: 贾尚帅 (1982– ), 男, 河北唐山人, 博士, 中车资深技术专家, 研究方向: 高速列车振动噪声。
† 通信作者 E-mail: jiashangshuai@tangche.com