Page 69 - 《应用声学》2021年第6期
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第 40 卷 第 6 期                                                                       Vol. 40, No. 6
             2021 年 11 月                         Journal of Applied Acoustics                 November, 2021

             ⋄ 研究报告 ⋄



                             超声空化及其声流结构实验研究                                               ∗






                                        俞启东 徐志程 赵 静 马潇健                          †


                                          (中国运载火箭技术研究院研究发展部           北京   100076)

                摘要：超声空化及其声流效应在医学、化工和能源等领域得到广泛应用。该文采用高速摄像和粒子图像测速
                系统分别研究了超声场下的空化形态和声流场结构的时空演化规律。实验研究了 50 W、100 W、200 W 和
                250 W 等 4 种不同输入功率对 18 kHz 的超声变幅杆附近空化及其声流场的影响。研究结果表明：在变幅杆下
                端面处观察到由大量空化气泡均匀分布组成的倒置锥形空泡结构，并且锥形空泡结构为稳态流动结构；在超
                声变幅杆附近产生了两种不同的声流形式，第一种是变幅杆底端的射流型声流，第二种是变幅杆两侧的回旋
                流。此外，通过研究空泡与声流场中最大速度点之间的空间对应关系，发现声流是因为空泡流动带动而产生
                的；空间位置和输入功率能显著影响射流型声流的流场结构，但是对回旋流的影响十分微弱。
                关键词：超声空化；声流；高速摄像；粒子图像测速仪
                中图法分类号: O359           文献标识码: A          文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)06-0865-06
                DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.06.008




               Experimental study on ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming structure



                                  YU Qidong    XU Zhicheng    ZHAO Jing    MA Xiaojian

                     (Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China)

                 Abstract: Ultrasonic cavitation and its acoustic streaming effect are widely used in medicine, chemical in-
                 dustry, energy fields. In this paper, the spatiotemporal evolution of cavitation and acoustic streaming field in
                 ultrasonic field is studied by using high-speed camera and particle image velocimetry system. The effects of
                 four different input powers (50 W, 100 W, 200 W and 250 W) on cavitation and acoustic flow field around
                 18 kHz ultrasonic horn were studied. The results show that: (1) the inverted conical bubble structure com-
                 posed of many cavitation bubbles is observed at the lower end of the horn, and the conical bubble structure
                 is a steady flow structure. (2) There are two different types of acoustic streaming near the ultrasonic horn,
                 namely, acoustic jet streaming at the bottom of the horn, and the recirculation flow on both sides of the horn.
                 In addition, by studying the spatial correspondence between the cavitation and the maximum velocity point
                 in the acoustic flow field, it is found that the acoustic flow is driven by the cavitation flow. (3) The spatial
                 position and input power can significantly affect the acoustic jet streaming, but the effect on the recirculation
                 flow is very weak.
                 Keywords: Ultrasonic cavitation; Acoustic streaming; High-speed camera; Particle image velocimetry


             2020-06-26 收稿; 2020-08-10 定稿
             国家自然科学基金项目 (12102484), 基础科研项目 (JCKY2018203B025)
             ∗
             作者简介: 俞启东 (1985– ), 男, 浙江人, 硕士, 高级工程师, 研究方向: 动力工程及工程热物理。
             † 通信作者 E-mail: maxiaojian66@163.com
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