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第 38 卷 第 3 期 Vol. 38, No. 3
2019 年 5 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics May, 2019

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

小孔喷注消声器在宇航设备上的应用

魏志勇 1 康钟绪 1† 李书灵 2 王隆基 2 宋瑞祥 1 吴 瑞 1

(1 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 北京 100054)
(2 中国航天员科研训练中心 北京 100094)
摘要 宇航设备中的供氧排气系统在排气过程中产生了很高的喷注噪声，小孔喷注消声器是控制喷注噪声的
有效措施。以喷注噪声理论为基础，利用小孔喷注消声器设计方法，为宇航设备供氧排气系统喷口设计小孔喷
注消声器。设计中通过限制孔间距要求，降低孔径，实现了小孔喷注消声器的高降噪效果。加工消声器并测试，
降噪效果理想。喷注噪声的计算和实测结果对比显示，两者吻合良好，误差在 2 dB(A) 左右，但驻压比为 4 时，
计算结果与实测结果相差较大，分析原因是喷口后附加喇叭口结构对喷注噪声中的冲击噪声产生了影响，而
经典计算公式并未考虑此种情况。小孔喷注消声器在宇航设备供氧排气系统中应用的可行性和小孔喷注消声
器设计方法的可靠性得到了验证。
关键词 喷注噪声，小孔喷注消声器，驻压比，喷口结构
中图法分类号: TB535 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)03-0378-06
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.03.013

Application of small hole injection silencer on aerospace equipment

WEI Zhiyong 1 KANG Zhongxu 1 LI Shuling 2 WANG Longji 2 SONG Ruixiang 1 WU Rui 1

(1 Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054, China)
(2 China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China)

Abstract High injection noise, which can be controlled effectively by a small hole injection silencer, is pro-
duced during the exhaust process of the oxygen supplying and exhaust system in the aerospace equipment.
Based on the injection noise theory, a small hole injection silencer was designed for the nozzle of the oxygen
supplying and exhaust system. In the design, the hole diameter was reduced by limiting the hole spacing
requirement, and the high noise reduction of the small hole injection silencer was achieved. The noise reduction
performance of the silencer was measured and demonstrated to be satisfactory. The comparison between the
injection noise results calculated and measured show a good agreement. Most of the errors are about 2 dB(A),
while the error for case with standing pressure ratio being 4 is quite big. The reason for this might be that the
additional horn structure after the nozzle has a large influence on the impact noise concluded in the injection
noise, which the classical calculation formula could not take into account. Both the feasibility of the small hole
injection silencer using in aerospace equipment and reliability of the design method were verified in the design
and application.
Key words Injection noise, Small hole silencer, Standing pressure ratio, Nozzle structure

2018-10-09 收稿; 2018-12-31 定稿
作者简介: 魏志勇 (1973- ), 男, 山西定襄人, 高级工程师, 研究方向: 噪声与振动控制。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: zhongxukang@163.com