Page 130 - 《应用声学》2021年第6期

第 40 卷 第 6 期 Vol. 40, No. 6
2021 年 11 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics November, 2021

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

传声器次声段灵敏度校准的误差机理研究 ∗

刘 迪 1 刘爱冰 1 陈 峰 2 张 帆 1† 王慧恒 1 武际兴 1

(1 山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院 淄博 255000)
(2 杭州新声传感科技有限公司 杭州 310000)
摘要：次声波广泛存在于自然界与人类活动中，由于次声波具有穿透能力强、衰减小等特点，隔离和消除十分
困难，对次声的监测防护与利用成为人们关注的焦点。次声波的定量研究依托传声器的测量实现，对传声器
的灵敏度原级校准是保证测量精度的前提。该文基于活塞发生器校准原理下的压力泄漏与热传导耦合衰减模
型，在 COMSOL 多物理场仿真软件中对校准腔和传声器后腔内的声场特征进行了数值仿真。创新性地提出
了模型比较法，准确量化了次声段校准核心的泄漏、热传导独立与耦合修正量，验证并揭示了声压泄漏与热传
导损失的幅值与相位变化机理。进一步地对传声器的次声段灵敏度校准过程进行了联合数值模拟，仿真结果
表明，内外均压校准声场下传声器灵敏度的幅相频响应存在明显差异，但与校准腔内的泄漏与热传导效应无
关。基于搭建的活塞发生器原级校准平台对传声器系统进行了原级校准，通过实验手段初步揭示了内外均压
校准机制下传声器幅值灵敏度与相位灵敏度的显著差异。
关键词：泄漏与热传导；数值模拟；幅相特性；误差机理；灵敏度的原级校准
中图法分类号: TN64 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)06-0926-11
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.06.016

Study on the calibration error mechanism of the infrasound sensitivity of
microphones

LIU Di 1 LIU Aibing 1 CHEN Feng 2 ZHANG Fan 1 WANG Huiheng 1 WU Jixing 1

(1 School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China)
(2 Hangzhou Xinsheng Sensing Technology Limited Company, Hangzhou 310000, China)

Abstract: Infrasound widely exists in nature and human activities. Due to the higher penetration and lower
attenuation of infrasound, it is difficult to isolate and eliminate it, which has become the focus of attention
for monitoring, protection and utilization of infrasound. The quantitative research of infrasound is realized by
the measurement of microphones, and the primary calibration of microphone sensitivity is the prerequisite to
ensure the measurement accuracy. This paper was based on the pressure leakage and heat conduction coupling
attenuation model under the calibration principle of pistonphone. The numerical simulation of the sound field
characteristics in the calibration chamber and the microphone back-cavity was carried out, which was based on
COMSOL multi-physical simulation software. The model comparison method was innovatively proposed, which
was the key to quantify the independent and coupling corrections of leakage and heat conduction accurately
in the infrasound calibration. And the amplitude and phase variation mechanism of pressure leakage and heat
conduction loss was verified and revealed. Furthermore, joint simulation of the calibration process was carried

2021-01-27 收稿; 2021-04-19 定稿
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目 (51705298)
∗
作者简介: 刘迪 (1995– ), 女, 江苏邳州人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 振动与噪声控制。
通信作者 E-mail: zf2005203981@126.com
†