Page 202 - 《应用声学》2025年第1期

第 44 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 44, No. 1
2025 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2025

⋄ 研究论文 ⋄

车内轰鸣声反相位抵消方法研究及应用

黄应来 † 单喜乐 吴良桢

(吉利汽车研究院 (宁波) 有限公司 宁波 315336)

摘要：乘用车普遍存在路面激励产生车内轰鸣声的问题。车身尾门、前风挡和顶棚等大板件的局部模态将振
动放大并与车内声腔耦合产生 20 ∼ 50 Hz 的轰鸣声。尾门在此频率区间存在多阶模态，振幅较大，但因造型
和空间限制一般难以通过结构优化彻底抑制振动，安装吸振器是常用的措施。以某电动车型路噪 40 Hz 频率
带的轰鸣声为背景，建立车内声腔与尾门、前风挡的参数模型，求解声固耦合方程，得到车内声场在耦合频率
处的振型。分析前风挡不同相位角对车内前排声压的影响，发现前风挡相位为 −180 时，车内前排的入射声
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波与反射声波相互抵消，总声压最小。基于实车对风挡上横梁进行结构弱化，将一阶模态频率从 48 Hz 降低到
38 Hz，其振动传递函数在轰鸣声频率段的相位降低 120 ，与尾门振动同相，车内轰鸣声从 55 dB(A) 降低到
◦
48 dB(A)。车身关键板件相位匹配降低轰鸣声的方法对噪声控制和轻量化设计具有参考意义。
关键词：路噪轰鸣声；尾门；前风挡；声固耦合；反相位抵消
中图法分类号: TB535 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)01-0198-06
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.01.021

Vehicle booming noise anti-phase cancellation methodology
study and application

HUANG Yinglai, SHAN Xile and WU Liangzhen

(Geely Automobile Research Institute (Ningbo) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315336, China)

Abstract: Generally, the passenger vehicles have booming noise under the road excitation. The local modes
of tailgate, windshield and roof, which is coupling with the body cavity, cause booming noise in the frequency
range of 20–50 Hz. The tailgate’s vibration is high, but can’t be eliminated by structure optimization due to
the limits of styling and packaging. So the tuned mass damper is a commonly used solution. Based on the
booming noise of an electric car around 40 Hz, the parameter model of body cavity, tailgate, and windshield
is built. The coupled frequency is solved from the vibro-acoustics equation by graphical method. How the
windshield’s phase angle influences on the sound pressure in the front row is analyzed. When the windshield’s
◦
phase angle is −180 , the incident sound will cancel the reflected sound, and the total sound pressure will
be minimized. Base on the physical car, the first modal frequency of the windshield is decreased from 48 Hz
to 38 Hz by weakening the cross member. The windshield’s vibration phase angle is decreased by 120 , and
◦
changed to be in phase with the tailgate. The booming noise is decreased from 55 dB(A) to 48 dB(A). The
methodology of the vehicle body panel vibration phase design is useful for noise control and lightweight.
Keywords: Road booming noise; Tailgate; Windshield; Vibro-acoustics; Anti-phase cancellation

2023-08-17 收稿; 2023-10-24 定稿
作者简介: 黄应来 (1982– ), 男, 浙江宁波人, 硕士, 工程师, 研究方向: 汽车振动噪声控制。
† 通信作者 E-mail: hyl2323@126.com