Page 80 - 201901

第 38 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 38, No. 1
2019 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2019

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

含三聚氰胺多孔材料分层复合介质吸声特性 ∗

白 聪 沈 敏 †

(武汉纺织大学 数字化纺织装备湖北省重点实验室 武汉 430073)

摘要 三聚氰胺泡沫材料是一种具有高开孔率的多孔材料，具备优良的吸音、防火隔热及环保性能，可以作为
吸声材料与弹性板、空腔介质形成复合结构，在建筑、航空、交通工具等工程领域有广泛的应用。该文基于 Biot
理论和分层介质在交界面处的不同边界条件，建立非均匀复合介质背衬刚性壁面结构的理论声学模型，详细
分析了多孔材料布局对复合结构吸声特性的影响。该文理论模型计算的结果与阻抗实验得到的垂直入射吸声
系数基本一致，验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明：在多孔材料前面增加空气层可以改善高频吸声特性；在
多孔材料后面增加空气层可以改善复合结构低频吸声特性。通过合理配置多孔材料，可以在应用需求频段上
达到满意的吸声效果。
关键词 分层复合介质，多孔材料，吸声特性，阻抗管，无规入射
中图法分类号: TB535+.1 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)01-0076-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.01.011

Sound absorption characteristics of layered composite material with

melamine porous material

BAI Cong SHEN Min

(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China)

Abstract Melamine foam material is a kind of porous material with high open porosity. It has excellent sound
absorption, fire insulation and environmental protection performance. It can be used as a composite structure
for acoustic materials, elastic plates and cavity media, in construction, aviation, transportation, etc. The
engineering field has a wide range of applications. Firstly, this paper establishes a theoretical acoustic model of
a multi-layer composite media backing rigid wall structure based on the Biot theory and the different boundary
conditions of the layered media at the interface. And the effect of the layout of the layered composite structure
on the sound absorption characteristics is discussed in detail. Secondly, it establishes an impedance tube
finite element model to simulate the experimental process. The calculated normal incidence sound absorption
coefficients are good agreement with the measured results. The results show that adding an air layer in front of
the porous material can improve the high-frequency sound absorption characteristics, and adding an air layer
behind the porous material can improve the low-frequency sound absorption characteristics of the composite
structure. By reasonably configuring the porous material, satisfactory absorption can be achieved at the
application frequency band.
Key words Layered composite media, Porous material, Sound absorption characteristics, Impedance tube,
Random incidence
2018-04-13 收稿; 2018-09-03 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (51505344), 湖北省自然科学基金项目 (2014CFB766), 留学归国人员启动基金项目 (第 48 批)
∗
作者简介: 白聪 (1995- ), 男, 湖北洪湖人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 噪声与振动控制。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: min_shen18@163.com