Page 127 - 应用声学2019年第2期

第 38 卷 第 2 期 Vol. 38, No. 2
2019 年 3 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics March, 2019

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

基于时延估计的双子阵时域波束形成技术

李兰瑞 1† 章新华 1,2 李 鹏 2 刘心语 3

(1 海军大连舰艇学院水武防化系 大连 116018)
(2 哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院 哈尔滨 150001)
(3 海军大连舰艇学院 大连 116018)
摘要 大孔径拖曳线列阵受舰艇横向机动、洋流影响和水动力影响时会产生一定的阵形畸变，阵形畸变使得
波束形成时阵列流型失配，进而降低了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。在无法进行阵形估计时，基于时延估
计的双子阵时域波束形成技术将大孔径拖曳线阵分为左右两个子阵分别做波束形成，通过加权广义相关时延
估计算法估算对应波束的时延差，再依据估算时延差对左右两个波束进行延时求和得到最终的波束信号。仿
真和海试数据证明，相对于全阵直接做波束形成的方法，基于时延估计的双子阵的时域波束形成技术有效提
高了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。
关键词 时域波束形成，时延估计，双子阵，阵形畸变
中图法分类号: TB566 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)02-0273-06
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.02.018

Split array time domain beamforming technology based on
time delay estimation

LI Lanrui 1 ZHANG Xinhua 1,2 LI Peng 2 LIU Xinyu 3
(1 Department of Underwater Weaponry & Chemical Defense, Dalian Navy Academy, Dalian 116018, China)
(2 School of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)
(3 Dalian Navy Academy, Dalian 116018, China)

Abstract The large aperture towed linear array will produce certain array distortion when it is affected by
ship lateral maneuver, ocean current and hydrodynamic forces. Array distortion makes array flow pattern
mismatch in beamforming, which reduces beam resolution and array gain. When we can not estimate the
formation, split array time-domain beamforming technology that based on time delay estimation divides large
aperture towed linear array into left and right subarrays for beamforming respectively. The delay difference of
the corresponding beam is estimated by the maximum likelihood time-delay estimation algorithm. Then, the
left and right beam signals are delayed according to the estimated delay difference, and the delayed beam signals
are added to get the final beam signal. Simulation and sea trial data show that the time domain beamforming
technology based on time delay estimation can effectively improve the target arzimuth resolution and signal
gain compared with the whole array direct beamforming method.
Key words Time domain beamforming, Time delay estimation, Split array, Array shape distortion

2018-08-29 收稿; 2018-11-28 定稿
作者简介: 李兰瑞 (1993- ), 男, 山东聊城人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 水声信号处理。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: 462488530@qq.com