Page 97 - 《应用声学》2019年第6期

第 38 卷 第 6 期 Vol. 38, No. 6
2019 年 11 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics November, 2019

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

超声空化现象影响因素的实验研究

马立康 暨勇策 沈国清 † 张世平

(华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院 北京 102206)

摘要 超声空化在许多不同的学科和工业生产中有着广泛的应用。超声空化的应用与声场的分布及空化的机
理密切相关，精准地反映空化场和空化机理是超声空化技术实际应用的关键。该文通过分析采集的声信号和
金属箔膜空蚀法对空化区域随液位发生变化的现象进行研究，并利用 Matlab 对金属箔膜空蚀程度量化。实验
发现，超声波会在液面与实验箱体底部形成驻波场。在某一液体温度下，随着液位高度的变化，超声空化现象
的出现具有周期性。并且，在同一液位下，当超声功率改变时，空化区域强度分布情况随之改变。小功率时各
空化区域空化强度分布均匀，当功率增大到一定时，会出现空化屏蔽现象。该研究为超声清洗设备的改良提供
了借鉴，对进一步认识和利用超声空化效应具有重要意义。
关键词 液位，驻波场，空化噪声，空化屏蔽
中图法分类号: TK124 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)06-0999-05
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.06.013

Experimental study on the influencing factors of ultrasonic cavitation

MA Likang JI Yongce SHEN Guoqing ZHANG Shiping

(School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)

Abstract Ultrasonic cavitation has a wide range of applications in many different scientific and industrial
productions. The application of ultrasonic cavitation is closely related to the distribution of sound field and
the mechanism of cavitation. Accurate reflection of cavitation field and cavitation mechanism is the key to
applying this technology. In this paper, the acoustic signal and thin film corrosion method are used to study the
phenomenon of cavitation area changing with liquid level, and the degree of corrosion of the film is quantified
by Matlab. The experiment found that the ultrasonic wave would form a standing wave field and a traveling
wave field at the liquid level and the bottom of the experimental box. At a certain liquid temperature, the
appearance of ultrasonic cavitation was periodic with the change of liquid level. Moreover, at the same liquid
level, when the ultrasonic power changed, the intensity distribution of the cavitation region changed. At low
power, the cavitation intensity of each cavitation area was evenly distributed. When the power increased to a
certain extent, cavitation mask would occur. This study provides a reference for the improvement of ultrasonic
cleaning equipment and is of great significance for further understanding and utilization of ultrasonic cavitation
effect.
Key words Liquid height, Standing wave field, Cavitation noise, Cavitation mask

2018-12-05 收稿; 2019-08-28 定稿
作者简介: 马立康 (1992- ), 男, 河北邯郸人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 声学。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: shenguoqing@ncepu.edu.cn