Page 229 - 《应用声学》2025年第2期

第 44 卷 第 2 期 Vol. 44, No. 2
2025 年 3 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics March, 2025

⋄ 研究论文 ⋄

局部放电中声波产生机理及仿真分析 ∗

王巍然 1,2 安志武 1,2†

(1 中国科学院声学研究所 声场声信息国家重点实验室 北京 100190)
(2 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
摘要：局部放电是电力设备安全运行的严重隐患。超声法可以探测局部放电发出的声波并定位声源，是一种
被广泛应用的检测手段。为了更加准确地描述局部放电产生超声波的机理和过程，该文针对电晕放电这一典
型的局部放电现象在理论上分析了其产生声波的机理。该理论基于流体动力学理论，将带电粒子的连续性方
程、电场泊松方程和有源声波方程进行耦合，并利用有限元仿真求解出了声场分布。结果表明：声源附近处的
声波频率和放电电流脉冲频率保持一致；声波具有较强的指向性，针尖正下方的声场明显强于其他方向；随着
传播距离的增大，声波出现明显衰减，且高频分量衰减更快，表现为峰值频率向低频漂移；放电电流脉冲幅值、
声压大小和峰值频率均和外接电压幅值呈正相关。相关结果能较好地明晰电学量与声学量之间的关系，为局
部放电超声检测法的定量化研究提供一定帮助。
关键词：局部放电；电晕放电；发声机理；仿真分析；流体动力学模型
中图法分类号: O426.1; TM851 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)02-0489-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.02.024

Mechanism and simulation analysis of sound wave generation

in partial discharge

WANG Weiran 1,2 and AN Zhiwu 1,2

(1 State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: Partial discharge is a serious hidden danger for the safe operation of power equipment. Ultrasonic
method can detect the sound waves emitted by partial discharge and locate the sound source. It is a widely
used detection method. In order to more accurately describe the mechanism and process of ultrasonic waves
generated by partial discharge, this article theoretically analyzes the mechanism of sound wave generation of
corona discharge, a typical partial discharge phenomenon. This theory is based on the theory of fluid dynamics,
coupling the continuity equation of charged particles, the Poisson equation of the electric field and the active
acoustic wave equation, and finite element simulation is used to solve the sound field distribution. The results
show that: the frequency of the sound wave near the sound source is consistent with the frequency of the
discharge current pulse; the sound wave has strong directivity, and the sound field directly under the needle
tip is significantly stronger than in other directions; as the propagation distance increases, the sound wave
attenuates significantly, and the high-frequency component attenuates faster, which is manifested as the peak

2023-10-30 收稿; 2023-11-10 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (12334019)
∗
作者简介: 王巍然 (1996– ), 男, 四川南充人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 超声无损检测。
通信作者 E-mail: anzhiwu@mail.ioa.ac.cn
†