Page 62 - 《应用声学》2025年第3期

第 44 卷 第 3 期 Vol. 44, No. 3
2025 年 5 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics May, 2025

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

减振垫对高速列车地板结构中低频声振特性的影响 ∗

丁海洋 1 王瑞乾 1,2† 张学飞 1 许子研 1 张安聪 1

(1 常州大学机械与轨道交通学院 常州 213164)
(2 常州西南交通大学轨道交通研究院 常州 213164)

摘要：针对高速列车地板结构中低频 (500 Hz 以下) 隔声量较低的问题，该文以地板中的减振垫为对象，探究
其密度、泊松比及弹性模量的大小对高速列车地板结构声振特性的影响规律。首先，基于混合有限元 -统计能
量分析 (FE-SEA) 方法建立了地板结构的隔声及声辐射预测模型；接着，利用验证后的模型分别对减振垫的密
度、泊松比及弹性模量对地板结构隔声和振动声辐射的影响开展了计算分析，重点分析了其在中低频的作用
机理；最后，试制了 3 种不同参数的减振垫，并将其应用于某高速列车地板结构中，通过试验评价了其对地板结
构隔声性能的改善效果。结果证明：密度、泊松比的增大有利于隔声量的提高，而不利于辐射声功率的提高；而
随着弹性模量的增加，隔声量降低，辐射声功率提高，增加至 0.8 GPa，隔声量与辐射声功率均出现拐点；改变
减振垫材质来实现结构隔声性能的提升，对结构的改变较小，具有轻量化特点，有重要的工程实用意义。
关键词：减振垫；隔声；声辐射；混合有限元统计能量分析；轻量化
中图法分类号: U270 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)03-0596-10
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.03.008

The influence of vibration damping pads on the low-frequency acoustic and

vibration characteristics of high-speed train floor structures

DING Haiyang , WANG Ruiqian 1,2 , ZHANG Xuefei , XU Ziyan and ZHANG Ancong 1
1
1
1
(1 School of Mechanical and Rail Transportation, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)
(2 Southwest Jiaotong University Changzhou Institute of Rail Transport, Changzhou 213164, China)

Abstract: In addressing the issue of low-frequency (below 500 Hz) sound insulation in the floor structure of
high-speed trains, this paper focuses on the vibration damping pads in the floor and explores the influence of
their density, Poisson’s ratio, and elastic modulus on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of high-speed
train floor structures. First, a hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis (FE-SEA) method is employed
to establish a predictive model for sound insulation and radiation of the floor structure. Subsequently, the vali-
dated model is used to conduct computational analyses on the impact of the density, Poisson’s ratio, and elastic
modulus of the damping pads on the sound insulation and vibration sound radiation of the floor structure, with
a particular emphasis on their mechanisms at medium and low frequencies. Finally, three damping pads with
different parameters are fabricated and applied to a specific high-speed train floor structure. Experimental
evaluations are conducted to assess their effectiveness in improving the sound insulation performance of the
floor structure. The results indicate that an increase in density and Poisson’s ratio contributes to improved
sound insulation, while it is detrimental to the increase in radiation sound power. On the other hand, as the

2023-11-13 收稿; 2024-03-17 定稿
常州市应用基础研究项目 (CJ20241064)
∗
作者简介: 丁海洋 (2000– ), 男, 江苏泰州人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 轨道列车噪声与振动。
† 通信作者 E-mail: ruiquanwang@163.com