Page 119 - 201805

第 37 卷 第 5 期 Vol. 37, No.5
2018 年 9 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics September, 2018

纪念应崇福院士诞辰100周年

液电冲击波在液固介质中的传播观测 ∗

廉国选 † 胡中韬 王小民

(中国科学院声学研究所 北京 100190)

摘要 冲击波是一种高速瞬态的强烈非线性波动现象，在流体力学和材料力学、国防军工等领域有重要的学
术意义和应用价值。冲击波在液体和固体介质中的清晰观测比较困难，但这种研究又不可或缺。该文采用高
压电火花放电技术在水中产生厘米级的球形空泡，空泡膨胀后接着收缩崩塌，在极短时间和极小空间内释放
出的能量在水中产生冲击波。结合纹影法和动态光弹法，使用高速摄像机和脉冲激光器组成的纹影 -动态光弹
法冲击波观测系统，可实现冲击波在液固介质中传播过程的高分辨率观测，为进一步研究冲击波的相关理论
和应用技术提供了一种实验手段。
关键词 液电冲击波，纹影 -动态光弹法观测系统
中图法分类号: O426.3 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2018)05-0701-05
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2018.05.014

Observation of hydroelectric shock wave propagating in liquid and solid

LIAN Guoxuan HU Zhongtao WANG Xiaomin

(Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract Shock wave is a kind of extremely fast, strong, and nonlinear phenomenon and its cliffy wavefront
is hard to be observed clearly in liquid or solid. However, it has been paid much attention because of the great
values in fluid and material mechanics, defense, military or other application. Here a hydroelectric bubble
produced by a high voltage discharge spark is recommended as a shock wave source with good repeatability,
easy maneuverability and enough safety. During the first end of the bubble’s expand-contract period, it will
collapse suddenly within a tiny space and burst an outgoing shock wave spherically. The diameter can reach
several centimeters when the cavitation bubble expands to its maximum volume. Depending on the Schlieren
method and dynamic photo-elastic principles, a shock wave observation system is constructed with a high-speed
camera and a pulse laser together. The new system successfully captures a series of clear snap-shots of shock
wavefront propagating in liquid and solid in our experiments. It shows a promising tool for the further shock
wave research and application.
Key words Hydroelectric shock wave, Schlieren and dynamic photo-elastic system

2018-07-02 收稿; 2018-08-02 定稿
国家自然科学基金委重大科研仪器研制项目 (11427809)
∗
作者简介: 廉国选 (1969- ), 男, 山西人, 博士, 研究员, 研究方向: 检测超声, 无损检测, 超声换能器, 超声相控阵成像。
通讯作者 E-mail: lian@mail.ioa.ac.cn
†