Page 84 - 应用声学2019年第2期
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第 38 卷 第 2 期                                                                       Vol. 38, No. 2
             2019 年 3 月                          Journal of Applied Acoustics                    March, 2019


             ⋄ 研究报告 ⋄



                              中国粤剧旦角发声特性实验研究




                                                   盖 磊 赵越喆            †



                                   (华南理工大学建筑学院       亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室          广州   510640)
                摘要    戏曲演员发声特性是厅堂音质研究的重要基础数据。为研究中国粤剧旦角演员发声特性，在全消声室
                内以 4 位花旦、2 位青衣和 1 位老旦为例，针对念白、清唱和语言三种发声方式，在大、中、小三种发声力度下，分
                析不同旦角演员在 0.3 m 处的声压级、动态范围和频率特性曲线，探讨发声特性与发声方式、发声内容、发声力
                度和行当之间的关系。结果显示在相同的发声力度下，声压级由大到小的发声方式依次为清唱、念白和语言；
                老旦的动态范围最大, 其次是青衣和花旦；清唱内容对发声频率特性曲线影响较小，而发声方式和行当影响较
                大；演员以不同力度发声时各频率特性曲线形状相似。该文的实验结果将为戏曲厅堂音质设计、建筑物隔声设
                计和电声系统设计提供科学依据。
                关键词     戏曲建筑，发声特性，动态范围，长时平均谱
                中图法分类号: TU112           文献标识码: A          文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)02-0230-07
                DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.02.012





                               Acoustical study of female character types’ voices
                                            in Chinese Cantonese Opera


                                                 GAI Lei   ZHAO Yuezhe

                 (School of Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology,
                                                   Guangzhou 510640, China)

                 Abstract  The acoustical characteristics of Chinese Opera actors are basic data for acoustical design of opera
                 house. In order to analyze Chinese Cantonese Opera music, audio signals were recorded for four performers
                 of young female character type, two performers of middle-aged female character type and one performer of
                 old female character type in anechoic chamber. Recordings were made of the singers’ speech, recitatives and
                 singing from their roles with three different vocal intensities. Sound pressure level at 0.3 m, dynamic range
                 and spectrum characteristics were discussed. The results show that sound pressure level of singing is higher
                 than other production modes in the same vocal intensity, and the largest dynamic rang is observed in the
                 old female character type. Differences in the spectrums due to singing content are not discovered, and vocal
                 intensity level has little effect. Large differences are found in production modes and character types. The
                 results of the experiment will provide scientific basis for the acoustical design, building sound insulation design
                 and electroacoustic system design.
                 Key words Chinese opera house, Acoustical characteristics, Dynamic range, Long-term average spectrum



             2018-10-11 收稿; 2018-12-28 定稿
             作者简介: 盖磊 (1980- ), 女, 山东济南人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 建筑与环境声学。
             † 通讯作者 E-mail: arzhyzh@scut.edu.cn
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