Page 150 - 《应用声学）》2023年第5期

第 42 卷 第 5 期 Vol. 42, No. 5
2023 年 9 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics September, 2023

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

时频特征的海豚发声端点检测方法研究 ∗

杨昱皞 1,2 何瑞麟 1,2 戴 阳 2† 方 亮 3 贺刘刚 2

(1 大连海洋大学航海与船舶工程学院 大连 116023)
(2 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业农村部渔业遥感重点实验室 上海 200090)
(3 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 广州 510300)

摘要：为在复杂的海洋环境噪声场中检测出目标海豚的某类声信号，设计了一种基于海豚声学特征的端点检
测方法。根据海洋环境中噪声能量大且分布频率范围广，而海豚声音的时频特征具有持续时间短、频率高且集
中、发声行为持续时间长的特点，将采集到的海洋声音进行分帧，计算单帧信号短时能量、谱质心和谱质心二
阶偏移率，当海豚发出声信号时，谱质心和能量相应发生突变，截取发生突变的信号实现端点检测。通过与门
限法等其他常见端点检测方法进行对比，结果表明，此方法在低信噪比的海洋环境下对单一海豚的某一类声
信号检测准确度更高，同时具有较强的抗干扰能力。
关键词：被动声学；海豚声信号；端点检测；谱质心二阶偏移率
中图法分类号: PN733.23 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2023)05-1042-10
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2023.05.018

The detection method of dolphin vocal endpoint based on time-frequency
characteristics

YANG Yuhao 1,2 HE Ruilin 1,2 DAI Yang 2 FANG Liang 3 HE Liugang 2

(1 School of Navigation and Naval Architecture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)
(2 Key Laboratory of Fisheries Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research
Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China)
(3 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou 510300, China)

Abstract: In order to detect a certain kind of sound signal of target dolphins in the complex marine en-
vironment noise field, an endpoint detection method based on dolphin acoustic characteristics was designed.
According to the large noise energy and wide distribution frequency range in the marine environment, the
time-frequency characteristics of dolphin sound have the characteristics of short duration, high frequency and
concentration, and long duration of phonation behavior. The collected ocean sound is divided into frames, and
the short-time energy, spectral centroid and second-order shift rate of the single frame signal are calculated.
When the dolphin sends out the sound signal, the spectral centroid and energy change correspondingly, and
the signal with the change is intercepted to realize endpoint detection. Compared with other common end-
point detection methods such as threshold method, the results show that this method has higher accuracy in
detecting a certain kind of sound signal of a single dolphin in the marine environment with low signal-to-noise
ratio, and has strong anti-interference ability.
Keywords: Passive acoustics; Dolphin sound signal; Endpoint detection; Second order shift rate of spectral
centroid
2022-05-18 收稿; 2022-07-22 定稿
上海市 2020 年度科技创新行动计划社会发展科技攻关项目 (20dz1206400), 上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目 (19YF1460000)
∗
作者简介: 杨昱皞 (1998– ), 男, 安徽六安人, 硕士, 研究方向: 海洋声学。
† 通信作者 E-mail: 13162787856@163.com