Page 17 - 《应用声学》2025年第1期

第 44 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 44, No. 1
2025 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2025

⋄ 综述与评论 ⋄

检测声学成像原理与技术综述 ∗

张 楠 许才彬 邓明晰 †

(重庆大学航空航天学院 重庆 400044)

摘要：声学成像是现代检测领域当中的一门常用的技术。它利用超声波强大的穿透能力获取反映被测区域内
部结构和物理性质的声学信息，能够提供直观的结构二维或三维图像，从而为医学诊断、工业无损检测和水下
探测等方面的研究和应用提供依据。该文从成像结果的维度出发，通过将现有的检测声学成像方法划分二维
厚度截面成像、二维水平截面成像和三维成像三种类型，对包含扫描成像、相控阵成像、合成孔径聚焦成像和
超声层析成像在内的各方法的原理和技术特点进行了综述，阐述了这些方法的具体实施过程，并归纳了其优
缺点。最后综合分析了影响这些方法准确性、实时性和经济性的主要因素，并给出了相应的应对策略。
关键词：超声检测；声学成像；扫描成像；相控阵；超声层析成像
中图法分类号: O426.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)01-0013-23
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.01.002

Review of principles and techniques of acoustic inspection imaging methods

ZHANG Nan, XU Caibin and DENG Mingxi

(College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

Abstract: Acoustic imaging is a commonly used technique in the modern inspection field. With the powerful
penetrating ability of ultrasonic waves, it can obtain acoustic information reflecting the internal structure and
physical properties of the tested area, and provide intuitive two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural
images, thus creating a basis for researches and applications in fields like medical diagnosis, industrial nonde-
structive testing and underwater exploration. This paper categorizes the existing acoustic inspection imaging
methods into two-dimensional thickness cross-section imaging, two-dimensional horizontal cross-section imag-
ing and three-dimensional imaging, according to the dimensions of their imaging results. Then, a review about
the principles and technical features of methods including scanning imaging, phased array imaging, synthetic
aperture focusing imaging and ultrasound computed tomography is performed, with their specific implemen-
tation process explained, and both advantages and disadvantages summarized. Finally, main factors affecting
the accuracy, efficiency and cost of these methods are comprehensively analyzed, and corresponding coping
strategies are also given.
Keywords: Ultrasonic testing; Acoustic imaging; Scanning imaging; Phased array; Ultrasound computed
tomography

2024-09-23 收稿; 2024-11-19 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (12134002, 12404524)
∗
作者简介: 张楠 (1995– ), 男, 重庆人, 博士, 研究方向: 超声无损检测, 结构健康监测。
† 通信作者 E-mail: mxdeng@cqu.edu.cn