Page 170 - 《应用声学》2025年第3期

第 44 卷 第 3 期 Vol. 44, No. 3
2025 年 5 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics May, 2025

⋄ 研究论文 ⋄

利用水下滑翔机的深海影区声源深度估计 ∗

李 健 1,2,3 李 赫 1,2 郭新毅 1,2,3† 马 力 1,2,3

(1 中国科学院声学研究所 北京 100190)
(2 中国科学院水声环境特性重点实验室 北京 100190)
(3 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
摘要：传统深海探测方法往往需要布放大孔径阵列，不仅成本高昂且观测范围有限，而新型无人水下航行器的
出现为传统水声探测提供了新的手段，尤其是水下滑翔机依靠其低成本、长航时、大范围覆盖的特点，成为水
下观测的有力工具。但在水声应用方面，水下滑翔机存在孔径较小的问题，获取的声学信息较为有限，基于水
下滑翔机进行被动探测的研究也相对较少。针对这一问题，该文根据深海声影区的多途到达结构，分析了一次
海底反射声线形成的时延差曲线随接收深度和接收距离的变化关系，通过等掠射角近似和近海面等声速近似，
提出了一种适用于水下滑翔机等机动平台的利用多途时延差的深海声影区近海面声源深度被动估计方法，并
通过水下滑翔机海试数据表明，声源深度估计结果与真实值吻合较好，平均误差仅为 7.27%，验证了该方法的
有效性。
关键词：深海声影区；多途到达结构；水下滑翔机；被动声源定位
中图法分类号: TB566 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)03-0704-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.03.019

Estimation of sound source depth in deep sea shadow zone
by underwater glider

LI Jian 1,2,3 , LI He 1,2 , GUO Xinyi 1,2,3 and MA Li 1,2,3

(1 Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(2 Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: Traditional deep-sea exploration methods often need to deploy large aperture arrays, which is
not only costly but also limited in observation range. The emergence of new unmanned underwater vehicles
provides a new means for traditional underwater acoustic detection, especially underwater gliders, which have
become a powerful tool for underwater observation by relying on its characteristics of low cost, long endurance
and wide coverage. However, in the aspect of underwater acoustic application, the underwater glider has the
problem of small aperture, the acoustic information obtained is relatively limited, and the research on passive
detection based on underwater glider is relatively few. In response to this problem, this paper analyzes the
relationship between the time delay curve formed by a submarine reflected sound line and the receiving depth
and receiving distance based on the multi-path arrival structure of the deep-sea sound shadow region. Through
the approximation of equal grazing Angle and the approximation of equal sound velocity near the sea surface,
2024-01-15 收稿; 2024-04-21 定稿
∗ 中国科学院先导专项
作者简介: 李健 (1997– ), 男, 山东泰安人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 深海目标探测, 水声信号处理。
† 通信作者 E-mail: guoxinyi@mail.ioa.ac.cn