Page 136 - 应用声学2019年第4期

第 38 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 38, No. 4
2019 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2019

⋄ 李启虎院士八十华诞学术论文 ⋄

质点振速传感器直线阵超指向性波束形成 ∗

朱少豪 汪 勇 杨益新 †

(西北工业大学航海学院 西安 710072)

摘要 声矢量传感器及其组阵方式的研究已成为水声领域的热门课题。该文研究了当单自由度矢量传感器
(质点振速传感器) 的观测方向沿直线阵轴线方向时的空间均匀噪声场中两阵元的噪声相关系数，然后采用
Gram-Schmidt 模态波束分解与综合方法推导了高阶超指向性的最优解，得到了直线阵端射方向的指向性指
数和稳健性水平。仿真研究表明，当 d /λ < 0.5 (d 为阵元间距，λ 为波长) 时，质点振速传感器直线阵 (简称质
点振速阵) 采用超指向性方法在端射方向的指向性指数略高于声压传感器直线阵 (简称声压阵)；而当 d /λ >
0.5 时，质点振速阵的指向性指数远远高于声压阵。该文的研究内容对水下声呐系统中质点振速传感器的有效
组阵和实际应用具有一定的参考价值。
关键词 质点振速传感器，声矢量传感器，直线阵，超指向性波束形成
中图法分类号: TJ630；TB566 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)04-0596-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.04.017

Superdirective beamforming of line arrays using particle velocity sensors

ZHU Shaohao WANG Yong YANG Yixin

(School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China)

Abstract Research on acoustic vector sensors and their arrays has become a hot topic in the field of under-
water acoustic engineering. In this paper, the noise correlation coefficients between the array elements in a
spatially isotropic noise field are studied when the desired observation direction of the one-degree-of-freedom
vector sensor (particle velocity sensor) is along the direction of the line array axis, and the optimal solutions
of high-order super-directivity based on the Gram-Schmidt mode-beam decomposition and synthesis are in-
troduced. Then the directivity index and robustness in the end-fire direction are derived. Simulation results
show that the directivity index of the particle velocity sensor array is slightly higher than that of the acoustic
pressure sensor array in the end-fire direction when d/λ < 0.5 (d is the spacing of two adjacent elements, λ
is the wavelength); when d/λ > 0.5, the directivity index of the particle velocity array is much higher than
that of the acoustic pressure sensor array. The research content of this paper provides a reference on how to
effectively form a particle velocity sensor array in underwater sonar systems.
Key words Particle velocity sensor, Acoustic vector sensor, Line array, Superdirective beamforming

2019-01-31 收稿; 2019-04-05 定稿
国家重点研发计划项目 (2016YFC1400200), 国家自然科学基金项目 (11604259), 中国科协第四届青年人才托举工程项目
∗
(2018QNRC001)
作者简介: 朱少豪 (1989- ), 男, 河北巨鹿人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 阵列信号处理。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: yxyang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn