Page 50 - 《应用声学》2020年第4期

第 39 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 39, No. 4
2020 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2020

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

水下声学浮标南中国海海洋环境噪声实测分析 ∗

韩 梅 1,2 王 超 1,2† 孙芹东 1,2 王文龙 1,2 吕 勇 2

(1 海军潜艇学院 青岛 266199)
(2 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 青岛 266237)

摘要：海洋环境噪声是多种自然噪声和人为噪声的复杂组合，其谱级大小和频率组成是影响声呐系统探测性
能的重要参数，鉴于海洋环境噪声时空域特性非常复杂，需要对海洋环境噪声进行长时间和大范围的观测才
足以分析其特性。该文通过在多剖面水下浮标平台基础上集成声学测量系统，研制了一种具有海洋环境噪声
监测能力的水下声学浮标平台，该浮标平台可多次上浮、下潜，具备原位坐底和定深漂流两种工作模式，能连
续观测海洋环境噪声时长多达数月。利用 2019 年 8 月在南中国海海区组织的多台水下声学浮标试验某一天
的数据，给出了 20 Hz、63 Hz、100 Hz、200 Hz、400 Hz、800 Hz、1.6 kHz 和 3.15 kHz 8 个频点中心处海洋环境
噪声谱级随时间变化，讨论了附近航船噪声对其的干扰影响。试验表明，水下声学浮标可作为一种潜在的优势
水下漂流移动平台，用于监测关注海域海洋环境噪声特性。
关键词：海洋环境噪声；声学浮标；南中国海海区；噪声谱级
中图法分类号: P716+.41; P733.2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2020)04-0536-07
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2020.04.006

Measurement and analysis of ambient noise in the South China Sea based on
underwater acoustic buoy

HAN Mei 1,2 WANG Chao 1,2 SUN Qindong 1,2 WANG Wenlong 1,2 LYU Yong 2

(1 Navy Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China)
(2 Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China)

Abstract: Ocean ambient noise is a complex combination of many types of natural and anthropogenic noises.
The spectrum levels and frequency composition are very important in the detection performance of a sonar
system. Since the spatial and temporal characteristics are complicated, it is necessary to conduct long-term
and large scales monitoring of the ambient noise to analyze its properties. Thus, we designed and developed
an underwater acoustic buoy with acoustic measuring system to sample the ambient noise on spatial and
temporal. The acoustic buoy can be used for multiple floating and diving, and has two working mode with
in-situ bottoming and deep-draining. The maximum endurance is typically a few months in the ocean. Using a
certain day experiment data collected by several underwater acoustic buoys, which were arranged in a certain
area in the South China Sea in August 2019, this study investigated ambient noise spectrum level change with
time at the center frequencies of the 20 Hz, 63 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 400 Hz, 800 Hz, 1.6 kHz and 3.15 kHz.
The data processing results are consistent with the typical variation law of ambient noise. The results of this
study indicated that acoustic buoy as a potential underwater unmanned platform could be used in the future
for monitoring of ambient noise properties in a certain sea area.
Keywords: Ambient noise; Acoustic buoy; South China Sea; Spectrum level
2019-12-27 收稿; 2020-03-31 定稿
国家重点研发计划项目 (2019YFC0311700), 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室问海计划项目 (2017WHZZB0601)
∗
作者简介: 韩梅 (1967– ), 女, 山东淄博人, 教授, 研究方向: 海洋环境效应和水下无人平台应用。
† 通信作者 E-mail: 120107769@qq.com