Page 160 - 《应用声学》2021年第1期

第 40 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 40, No. 1
2021 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2021

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

三通管路的管壁声传递损失测试方法

孙中政 † 雷 坤 王宇飞 韩 旭

(杜邦中国研发管理有限公司 上海 201203)

摘要：针对汽车进气系统三通管路的特点，提出了多通管路的管壁传递损失测试方法。并以某车型的双涡轮
增压发动机进气三通管道为例，采用该方法评价其用塑料代替铝后的声学性能，主要以声传递损失来评价涡
轮增压器噪声通过三通连接管路管壁的辐射和透射特性。测试过程中，三通管道的两个连接涡轮增压器端口
分别用声源两次发声，靠近进气歧管端口采用两种不同反射末端，然后在每段管路布置两个压力场扬声器进
行测试，并基于平面波分离入射波和反射波，同时在三通管道外用声功率半球面十点分布法自由场扬声器测
试，经过 3 次测量来计算管道管壁的声传递损失。由于声传递损失是管道本身特性决定，所以该测试方法能够
准确找出塑料件和金属件在不同频率的声学特性差异。而后，在声传递损失测试结果的基础上，结合近场声全
息方法和波束形成原理进行声源识别，可知该三通管路材质改为塑料后主要噪声来自焊缝薄弱处的中高频透
射声和管壁结构的低频辐射声。
关键词：多通管道；声传递损失；近场声全息；波束形成
中图法分类号: TB52; TB535 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)01-0156-07
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.01.019

Duct wall transmission loss test method of three-channel tube wall

SUN Zhongzheng LEI Kun WANG Yufei HAN Xu

(DuPont China Research & Development and Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China)

Abstract: A physical test method of transmission loss is proposed corresponding to the structural attribute of
multi-channel duct. It is performed based on three-channel duct of a twin-turbo engine to evaluate the acoustic
performance of aluminum and plastic replacement ducts. Transmission loss value is adopted to extract inherent
properties of the duct wall including the sound radiation and transmission. In the test setup, the sources at the
two ends of turbo outlets generate sound separately and two different kinds of reflection terminals are placed in
series at the air intake manifold end. Two pressure microphones are positioned at each segment of multi-channel
duct to separate incident and reflection wave based on a plane wave theory. Ten free-field microphones are
placed at a hemisphere with radius of 1m around the duct to capture sound emissions. Three test iterations
are performed to calculate the transmission loss. Since transmission loss is decided by the inherent property
of the duct, transmission loss results can compare acoustic performance differences between plastic and metal
ducts in the frequency domain. Then based on the results, the sound source regions of the multi-channel duct
are identified with near-field acoustical holography and beamforming theories. For the plastic ducts, the noise
emission mainly include noise transmitted from the regions of welding areas of ducts in higher frequency range
and radiated from the duct wall at low frequencies.
Keywords: Multi-channels duct; Sound transmission loss; Near-field acoustics holography; Beamforming

2020-04-29 收稿; 2020-09-11 定稿
作者简介: 孙中政 (1983– ), 男, 山东烟台人, 硕士, 研究方向: 塑料件 NVH 研究, NVH 测试方法。
† 通信作者 E-mail: zhongzheng.sun@dupont.com