Page 45 - 《应用声学》2021年第2期
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第 40 卷 第 2 期                                                                       Vol. 40, No. 2
             2021 年 3 月                          Journal of Applied Acoustics                    March, 2021

             ⋄ 研究报告 ⋄



                  几类典型环境声的主观评价及感知特性分析                                                                ∗





                                          张 珺    1,2   陈克安     1,2†  郑如玥      1,2



                                              (1 西北工业大学航海学院       西安   710072)
                                         (2 海洋声学信息感知工信部重点实验室           西安   710072)

                摘要：近年来，通过 “注入” 调控声以降低交通噪声烦恼感的声频注入法受到广泛关注。以交通噪声调控研究
                为背景，通过成对比较评价了 4 类典型声音 (实验一) 和 4 类典型交通噪声 (实验二) 的烦恼感。结果表明，有调
                声 (纯音和复音) 烦恼度最高，自然声最低 (海潮声最佳)，蓝色噪声是仅次于海潮声令人感觉舒适的声音；被试
                对交通噪声和白噪声的评价存在明显的分类偏好。分析心理声学特征发现人对声音的感知依赖于多方面因
                素，但声刺激的某一因素 (如粗糙度或音调特别高) 特别突出则会引起极大的反感。构建不相似度二维感知空
                间，维度 1 反映了声音类型间的差异，维度 2 表征了被试对不同类型声音的烦恼度评价；并且通过相关分析发
                现它们与谱结构参量相关性较强。接下来的研究中，可以通过调整交通噪声的谱下降值和时域上升时间等参
                量使其谱结构更接近于自然声，从而降低噪声烦恼度。
                关键词：环境声；主观评价；烦恼度；感知特性分析
                中图法分类号: TB533           文献标识码: A          文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)02-0213-07
                DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.02.006


               Subjective evaluation and perceptual characteristics analysis of several typical
                                                    ambient sounds



                                    ZHANG Jun   1,2  CHEN Ke’an  1,2  ZHENG Ruyue  1,2

                     (1 School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China)
               (2 Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China)

                 Abstract: In recent years, the audio injection method to reduce traffic noise annoyance by “injecting” control
                 sound has received widespread attention. Based on the research of traffic noise control, this paper evaluates
                 the annoyance of 4 kinds of ambient sound (Experiment 1) and 4 kinds of traffic noise (Experiment 2) through
                 paired comparison. The results show that the tone (pure tone and FM tone) has the highest annoyance among
                 the selected sounds, natural sound is the most comfortable (the tide has the lowest annoyance), and the blue
                 noise is only inferior to the sea tide sound. The subjects have obvious classification preference of traffic noise
                 and white noise. The analysis of psychoacoustic parameters found that the human’s perception of sound is
                 related to various factors. However, if a certain factor (such as extremely rough or high pitched) is particularly
                 prominent in the sound stimulus, it will cause a great deal of annoy. A two-dimensional perception space
                 of environmental sound dissimilarity is constructed. The first dimension reflects the differences between the


             2020-04-21 收稿; 2020-09-11 定稿
             ∗ 民机科研和国网项目
             作者简介: 张珺 (1994– ), 女, 山西运城人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 环境声舒适性感知。
             † 通信作者 E-mail: kachen@nwpu.edu.cn
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