Page 131 - 《应用声学》2021年第3期

第 40 卷 第 3 期 Vol. 40, No. 3
2021 年 5 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics May, 2021

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

多层多孔吸声材料结构参数优化设计 ∗

吴 量 1 刘 淼 1 刘学文 1† 熊鑫忠 1 庞金祥 2 张和伟 2

(1 上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院 上海 201620)
(2 上海普信科技有限公司 上海 200050)
摘要：高开孔率的发泡材料 (如三聚氰胺、聚氨酯发泡材料) 具有优良的吸声、隔热防火、防腐及环保性能，可
以作为吸声、阻尼等材料应用于建筑、航空、交通工具等领域。该文基于 Biot 理论和多层介质声波传播理论
(传递矩阵法)，建立多层多孔吸声结构背衬刚性壁的理论模型，利用遗传算法优化多层结构厚度和质量。将理
论模型计算结果与阻抗管测试结果进行对比，验证了理论模型的准确性。结果表明：优化后的多层多孔吸声结
构在整体厚度降低 18 mm 的基础上，吸声能力并未降低，且部分结构低频吸声增强，结构的整体重量也有所降
低，达到轻薄化的目标，具有较大的应用价值。
关键词：多孔吸声材料；多层结构；轻量化；Biot 理论
中图法分类号: TB535+.1 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2021)03-0449-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2021.03.017

Optimal design of structural parameters of multi-layer porous
sound-absorbing materials

WU Liang 1 LIU Miao 1 LIU Xuewen 1 XIONG Xinzhong 1
PANG Jinxiang 2 ZHANG Hewei 2

(1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)
(2 Prosynx Technology Inc., Shanghai 200050, China)

Abstract: High-open-cell foam material, such as melamine and polyurethane foam material, has excellent
performance in sound absorption, heat insulation, fire protection, anti-corrosion and environmental protec-
tion. Such kind of material can be used as sound-absorbing and damping material in construction, aviation,
transportation and so on. Based on the Biot theory and acoustic wave propagation theory in multilayer me-
dia (Transfer matrix method), a theoretical model in terms of the multilayer porous sound-absorbing structure
backed by a rigid wall was firstly established in this paper, then according to the genetic algorithm, correspond-
ing optimization can be obtained in the thickness and quality of the multilayer structure. The calculation results
of the theoretical model were compared with the test results achieved in impedance tube to verify the accuracy
of the theoretical model. The results illustrate that when the overall thickness of the optimized multi-layer
porous sound-absorbing structure has a reduction of 18 mm, its sound absorption capacity will not change a
lot. Meanwhile, the low-frequency sound absorption capacity in some parts is enhanced and the mass of the
whole structure will decrease. Such kind of method is of great use in practical application since it achieves the
goal of lightweight.
Keywords: Porous sound-absorbing material; Multi-layer structure; Lightweight; Biot theory

2020-09-30 收稿; 2021-01-24 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (51575335), 上海市地方能力建设项目 (19030501100), 上海市高校教师资助计划项目 (ZZGCD15039)
∗
作者简介: 吴量 (1993– ), 男, 山西晋中人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 声学复合材料。
通信作者 E-mail: xuewen2018@126.com
†