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第 37 卷 第 5 期                    孙宝申: 合成孔径成像的应用及发展                                           793


                 为了提高声图刷新率,可以应用 “稀疏发射合                         辨能力。受多变的海洋环境影响,运动误差检测与
             成孔径(Sparse STA)”模式,其模式如图11所示。稀                    补偿对提高合成孔径声呐的实际分辨率尤为重要,
             疏发射合成孔径模式在每次发射时,激活N/M > 1                         始终是受到关注的研发课题。自 20 世纪七八十年
             个阵元,全部阵元接收回波信号。一帧数据采样结                            代以来,合成孔径成像已应用到无损检测及医疗诊
             束后,调取全部M × N 个回波信号用于重建声图。                         断方面,有效地提高了超声成像的分辨率及信噪比,
                                                               其研发及应用推广受到了多方关注。此外,在合成
                   Transmit mode  Firing steps  Receive mode
                                                               孔径技术的各方面应用中,3D-成像及目标自动识
                                   
                                                               别与分类都是研究热点。
                                   
                                   i
                                                                              参 考 文        献

                                  M
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                                                                   focusing and time-of-flight diffraction ultrasonic imag-
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             6 结论                                                  uation, 2012, 31(4): 310–323.
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                 自 20 世纪 50 年代至今,合成孔径在雷达地面、                        ical ultrasound imaging using the effective aperture ap-
             海面成像中的研发及应用已经进入了黄金时代,实                                proach[J]. Bioautomation, 2005, 3(1): 68–81.
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