Page 158 - 《应用声学》2020年第2期

第 39 卷 第 2 期 Vol. 39, No. 2
2020 年 3 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics March, 2020

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

基于空耦超声Lamb波的金属板状结构内部缺陷

检测方法 ∗

孟翔震 李再帏 † 朱文发 何越磊 路宏遥

(上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院 上海 201620)
摘要：针对接触式超声检测方法在金属板结构内部缺陷实际工程检测中存在的环境要求高、效率低、操作难
度高等问题，提出了空耦超声 Lamb 波检测方法，该方法能更好地适应现场应用环境，提高检测效率，减少传
感器数量。通过有限元仿真和实验分析比较了空耦超声检测与接触式超声检测两种方法接收到的信号和成像
效果。结果表明：有限元仿真和实验中，空耦超声检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为 2 mm 和 3.6 mm，接
触式检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为 2 mm 和 11.3 mm，空耦检测具有较高的定位精度；单侧激励条件
下，适合采用 A0 模态 Lamb 波对板内缺陷进行检测；空耦超声检测可以通过调整信号接收角度接收单一模态
Lamb 波，避免伪像产生。该方法为后续金属板状结构内部缺陷的空耦超声检测提供参考。
关键词：金属板缺陷；空耦；成像检测；Lamb 波
中图法分类号: O426.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2020)02-0316-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2020.02.020

Detection of internal defect in metal plate structures using air-coupled
ultrasonic Lamb waves

MENG Xiangzhen LI Zaiwei ZHU Wenfa HE Yuelei LU Hongyao

(College of Urban Rail Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high environmental requirements, low efficiency and high operational
difficulty of the contact ultrasonic detection method in the actual engineering detection of defects in the metal
plate structures, the Lamb wave detection method of air-coupled ultrasonic was proposed, which can better
adapt to the field application environment, improve the detection efficiency and reduce the number of sensors.
The finite element simulation and experimental analysis are compared to compare air-coupled ultrasonic testing
and the contact ultrasonic testing methods for receiving signals and imaging effects. The results show that
in the finite element simulation and experiment, the positioning error of the air-coupled ultrasonic detection
method to the defect position is 2 mm and 3.6 mm respectively, and the positioning error of the contact
detection method to the defect position is 2 mm and 11.3 mm respectively. The air-coupled detection has a
high positioning accuracy. Under the one-side excitation condition, the A0 mode of Lamb wave used to detect
the defects in the board is suitable; the air-coupled ultrasonic detection can receive the single mode Lamb wave
by adjusting the signal receiving angle to avoid artifact generation. This method can be used as a reference for
the subsequent ultrasonic detection of defects in metal plate structure.
Keywords: Metal plate defects; Air-coupled; Imaging detection; Lamb wave

2019-05-07 收稿; 2019-09-18 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (51808333, 51608202), 上海市科委重点支撑项目 (16030501400)
∗
作者简介: 孟翔震 (1992– ), 男, 安徽淮北人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 超声成像检测。
† 通信作者 E-mail: lzw_5220964@163.com