Page 128 - 《应用声学》2022年第4期

第 41 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 41, No. 4
2022 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2022

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

传声器阵列声压级在线校准 ∗

陈 勇 1,2 吴 鸣 2 杨 军 1,2†

(1 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
(2 中国科学院声学研究所噪声与振动重点实验室 北京 100190)

摘要：在户外环境中对某一目标噪声源进行声压级测量时，单个传声器不能在多声源干扰情况下有效监测
目标信号。为了有效抑制非目标信号的干扰，通常利用传声器阵列进行波束形成从而对目标信号进行增强。
MEMS 传声器阵列由于体积小、价格低等优点而得到广泛使用。然而 MEMS 器件的工艺误差和灵敏度退化问
题会导致波束形成滤波器的性能下降，从而影响声压级的测量结果。为了解决这一问题，该文介绍了一种通过
补偿参考传声器与传声器阵列之间的声压级偏差从而在线校准的方法。该方法利用到达时间差声源定位方法
在时频点上对实时采集的信号进行有效挑选，并利用参考传声器的标准频响特性去修正阵列的声压级测量值。
为了验证方法的可行性，该文通过实验比较了不同环境噪声干扰下的与无干扰条件下的声压级差的一致性，
结果证明该校准方法具有较高的精确性和鲁棒性，并且可推广于任意一种阵型的传声器阵列噪声监测装置。
关键词：户外噪声监测；波束形成；在线声压级校准；MEMS 传声器阵列；到达时间差声源定位
中图法分类号: TB52.8 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2022)04-0626-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2022.04.015

An investigation on real-time calibration of microphone array

sound pressure level

CHEN Yong 1,2 WU Ming 2 YANG Jun 1,2

(1 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
(2 Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract: Since a single microphone cannot select the efficient target signal from a mixed sound source when
measuring the sound pressure level of a target noise source in an outdoor environment, the microphone array
is used to enhance the target signal by beamforming so as to restrain the interference of non-target signals
effectively. Due to the advantage of small size and low price, MEMS microphone arrays are widely used, but
the MEMS microphone mismatch is a common phenomenon which naturally arises from production tolerances
as well as from aging effects in the long run. In order to calibrate the sound pressure level measurement error
caused by the microphone mismatch when outdoor noise monitoring is performed, a real-time calibration
method were introduced in this paper by compensating the sound pressure level difference between the reference
microphone and the MEMS microphone array. The time difference of arrival (TDOA) sound source localization
algorithm was utilized to select effective target signal component on time-frequency domain, and the standard
transfer functions of the reference microphone was utilized to correct the sound pressure level measurement
bias of the array. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, this paper compared the consistency of

2021-06-15 收稿; 2021-08-13 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (11804365)
∗
作者简介: 陈勇 (1994– ), 男, 江苏赣榆人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 信号与信息处理。
† 通信作者 E-mail: junyang@mail.ioa.ac.cn