Page 22 - 《应用声学》2023年第1期

第 42 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 42, No. 1
2023 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2023

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

听觉感知中的噪声特性语义描述及其分析

李 豪 1 陈克安 1† 尹秋阳 1 张 珺 1 俞贵涛 2 殷久超 2 李 晗 1

(1 西北工业大学航海学院 西安 710072)

(2 杭州方太智能科技有限公司 杭州 311200)
摘要：基于听觉感知的噪声语义描述是噪声声品质研究的基础性问题，已有研究未将语义描述与噪声来源、频
谱特性以及产品运行状态等物理信息联系起来。该文分别针对飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪声和空气净化器噪声这
3 组典型噪声开展了主观评价实验，并通过多维尺度分析和主成分分析描述了 3 组噪声的语义空间，系统分析
了不同类型噪声的描述词，同时解释了描述词与噪声物理属性之间的联系。研究发现：飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪
声以及空气净化器噪声可以由 4 维、4 维和 3 维语义空间进行描述；不同类型噪声在语义描述中具有共性与个
性，3 组噪声语义的主要维度均与嘈杂感相关，而噪声的个性描述词与其声源的物理属性密切相关；进行声品
质建模及应用时，应同时考虑噪声共性和个性描述词对听觉感知的影响，采取有针对性的措施以提升产品声
品质。该文从听觉感知的角度进行了噪声特性的语义描述和分析，研究结果可为产品声品质以及噪声控制研
究提供帮助。
关键词：声品质；主观评价；语义空间；听觉感知
中图法分类号: TB533 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2023)01-0018-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2023.01.003

Semantic description and analysis of noise characteristics in auditory perception

LI Hao 1 CHEN Ke’an 1 YIN Qiuyang 1 ZHANG Jun 1 YU Guitao 2 YIN Jiuchao 2 LI Han 1

(1 School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China)
(2 Hangzhou Fotile Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, China)

Abstract: Noise semantic description based on auditory perception is a basic problem of product sound
quality research. Previous studies have not linked the semantic description with specific information such
as noise source, spectrum characteristics and product operation status. Therefore, this paper carried out
three subjective evaluation experiments on three groups of typical noise: aircraft cabin noise, vehicle noise
and air purifier noise, described the semantic space of three groups of noise through multi-dimensional scale
analysis and principal component analysis, and systematically analyzed the descriptors of different types of
noise, at the same time, the relationship between descriptors and physical properties of noise is explained. It
is found that: aircraft cabin noise, vehicle noise and air purifier noise can be described by 4-D, 4-D and 3-D
semantic space. Different types of noise have commonness and individuality in semantic description. The main
dimensions for the three groups of noise are related to the sense of noisy, and the individual descriptors of
noise are closely related to the physical properties of their sound sources. When modeling and applying sound
quality, the effects of noise commonness and individuality descriptors on auditory perception should be consid-
ered at the same time, and targeted measures should be taken to further improve the sound quality of products.

2021-11-09 收稿; 2022-01-14 定稿
作者简介: 李豪 (1997– ), 男, 陕西西安人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 环境声的听觉感知与声品质评价。
† 通信作者 E-mail: kachen@nwpu.edu.cn