Page 182 - 《应用声学》2023年第4期

第 42 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 42, No. 4
2023 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2023

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

语声特性及声场因素对老年人警报语声可懂度和

主观感受的影响 ∗

王炜宇 马 蕙 王 超 †

(天津大学 建筑学院建筑技术研究所 天津 300072)
摘要：警报语声广播是紧急情况时提高建筑物内疏散效率的有效手段。通过实验室研究的方法，研究了语声
特性及声场因素对老年群体警报语声可懂度和主观感受的影响。主观感受选取了听声容易程度和感知紧迫性
两个维度。研究结果表明，老年人警报语声可懂度和听声容易程度评价主要受语速、信噪比和混响时间的影
响，且呈现一致的变化趋势，即随着语速和混响时间降低以及信噪比的增加，老年人可懂度和听声容易程度得
分均升高，而声压级 (最低设置为 60 dB)、有无警铃和噪声类型没有显著影响。感知紧迫性随语速和声压级的
增加而显著增加，信噪比、混响时间及有无警铃声对感知紧迫性并无显著影响。采用人声播报的警报语声其可
懂度和感知紧迫性显著高于合成声。比较老年人和年轻人群体的结果发现，在语速、声压级和噪声类型对主观
评价的影响上有显著差异。为建立老年人理想且安全的声环境，应采用人声播报并适当降低语速以保证可懂
度，同时混响及信噪比条件两方面的改善都是必要的。
关键词：警报语声；言语可懂度；感知紧迫性；老年群体
中图法分类号: TU112.4 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2023)04-0844-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2023.04.020

The effect of characteristics of voice and sound field on the elderly’s speech
intelligibility and subjective evaluation of voice alarms

WANG Weiyu MA Hui WANG Chao

(Institute of Architecture Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract: Voice alarm broadcast is an effective method to improve evacuation efficiency in emergency situa-
tions. This paper mainly studied how the voice and sound field factors affect the intelligibility and subjective
evaluation of the voice alarms in the elderly group with the laboratory experiment. The subjective evaluation
included the evaluation of ease of listening and the perceived urgency. The results showed that the elderly’s
speech intelligibility and ease of listening were mainly affected by speech rate, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and
reverberation time (RT). The elderly’s intelligibility score and ease of listening rating showed a consistent
trend when changing with these factors: they both increased with speech rate and RT getting lower, and they
increased with the increase of SNR. However, sound pressure level (SPL) above 60 dB, whether there is tone
before the voice and noise type had no significant effect on elderly’s intelligibility score and ease of listening
rating. The perceived urgency increased with the increase of the speech rate and SPL, but the SNR, RT and
whether there is tone before the voice had no significant effect on it. The intelligibility and perceived urgency

2022-04-06 收稿; 2022-08-02 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (51978454)
∗
作者简介: 王炜宇 (1997– ), 男, 天津人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 建筑声学。
† 通信作者 E-mail: pdwangchao@tju.edu.cn