Page 114 - 《应用声学》2024年第1期

第 43 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 43, No. 1
2024 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2024

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

基于改进最小方差无失真响应角度谱算法的

气体泄漏定位方法 ∗

王天琪 杨祥国 † 晏 园 刘成龙 张金磊

(武汉理工大学船海与能源动力工程学院 武汉 430063)

摘要：针对噪声环境下微小气体泄漏难以准确定位的问题，提出了一种基于改进最小方差无失真响应角度谱
算法的气体泄漏定位方法。该算法通过引入信噪比追踪加权的方式，提取受噪声影响较小且单个声源能量占
优的时频支撑域，并通过 Softplus 激活函数自适应地调整不同频率分量对角度谱函数的贡献，增加泄漏声源占
优的时频域权重；此外，引入基于时频稀疏性的分频带处理，使各子频带内存在一个主导声源能量占优，抑制
低频段噪声能量的积累同时避免高频混叠现象。通过软件仿真计算以及实验验证算法的性能，结果表明改进
最小方差无失真响应角度谱算法可以实现气体泄漏源的精准定位，定位结果的最大误差在 3.5 以内。相比传
◦
统算法，该方法在低信噪比和低采样点数下有更高的稳定性、抗噪能力及准确率，可为气体泄漏定位的实际应
用提供一定的参考价值。
关键词：最小方差无失真响应；泄漏定位；波达方向估计；阵列信号处理
中图法分类号: TB553 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2024)01-0110-09
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2024.01.014

Gas leak location method based on improved minimum variance distortionless
response angle spectrum algorithm

WANG Tianqi YANG Xiangguo YAN Yuan LIU Chenglong ZHANG Jinlei

(School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China)

Abstract: It is difficult to accurately locate tiny gas leaks in noisy environments, a gas leak location method
based on an improved minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm
trackes and weights the signal noise ratio to extract the time-frequency support domain, which is less affected
by noise and dominates the energy of a single sound source. Then, the Softplus activation function is used
to adaptively adjust the contribution of different frequency components to the angle spectral function, which
could increase the time-frequency domain weights dominated by the leaked sound source. In addition, the
sub-band processing based on time-frequency sparsity is introduced to ensure that there is a dominant sound
source in each sub-band with energy dominance. Therefore, the accumulation of low frequency noise energy
is suppressed, while high frequency aliasing is avoided. By simulation and experiments, the results show that
the improved MVDR angle spectrum algorithm can realize the precise location of the gas leak source, and the

2022-08-28 收稿; 2022-11-07 定稿
国家重点研发计划项目 (2019YFE0104600)
∗
作者简介: 王天琪 (1998– ), 男, 山东菏泽人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 气体泄漏定位。
† 通信作者 E-mail: yangxiangguo123@163.com