Page 62 - 《应用声学》2024年第1期

第 43 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 43, No. 1
2024 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2024

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

辨析声调的标度和归类方法

——纪念赵元任先生标调理论发表100年

吕士楠 †

(中国科学院声学研究所 北京 100190)
摘要：一个世纪前，赵元任先生发表了汉语声调标调理论，开创了汉语声调的定量研究，在国际上享有崇高的
荣誉。新中国成立后，汉语语音学的研究蓬勃发展，汉语声调五度定调问题备受关注。20 世纪 20、30 年代我国
语言学家在美国的研究成果被介绍到国内。但不得不指出，在实际的调值计算中，没有准确遵循赵元任先生的
理论，而是用简单的音高分段归类的方法代替 “五度标调”。该文简要回顾 20 世纪 20、30 年代声调音高测量和
数值化研究的历史，辨析汉语声调五度标调和归类的区别。并为赵元任先生的标调理论补充了计算公式，使标
调理论得以准确实施。同时展望标调理论不仅在汉语的声调研究，而且在语调的研究中的应用远景。
关键词：声调；标度；归类
中图法分类号: H014 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2024)01-0058-06
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2024.01.007

Distinguish between calibration and classification of tone
—To commemorate Mr. Zhao Yuanren standard tone theory published

for 100 years

LYU Shinan
(Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract: A century ago, Mr. Zhao Yuanren published the theory of standard tone, initiated the quantitative
research of Chinese tone, and enjoyed high honors in the world. After the founding of the People’s Republic
of China, the research of Chinese phonetics developed vigorously, and the problem of setting Chinese tone
attracted much attention. The research results of Chinese linguists in the United States in the 1920s and
1930s were introduced to China. However, it has to be pointed out that in the actual value adjustment
calculation, it does not accurately follow Mr. Zhao Yuanren’s theory, but uses the simple method of pitch
segment classification, instead of “five degree standard tone”. This paper briefly reviews the history of the
pitch measurement and numerical research of tones in the 1920s and 1930s, and distinguishes the difference
between the calibration and classification of Chinese five-degree tone. It supplements the calculation formula
for Mr. Zhao Yuanren’s standard theory, so that the standard theory can be accurately implemented. At the
same time, looking forward to the application of standard tone theory is not only in the study of Chinese tone,
but also in the study of intonation.
Keywords: Tone; Calibration; Classification

2023-08-23 收稿; 2023-11-13 定稿
作者简介: 吕士楠 (1937– ), 男, 浙江新昌人, 研究员, 研究方向: 语言声学, 次声学。
† 通信作者 E-mail: lu_shinan@163.com