Page 78 - 《应用声学》2020年第2期

第 39 卷 第 2 期 Vol. 39, No. 2
2020 年 3 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics March, 2020

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

水下对空中声源的运动参数估计 ∗

刘凯悦 1,2 彭朝晖 1† 张灵珊 1 王光旭 1

(1 中国科学院声学研究所 声场声信息国家重点实验室 北京 100190)
(2 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)

摘要：空中声源的辐射噪声谱包括宽带连续谱和窄带线谱，线谱能量高于连续谱。与水下声源相比，空中声源
的运动速度普遍较高，线谱多普勒频移明显，可用于进行水下对空中声源的运动参数估计。首先通过时频分析
提取接收信号的瞬时频率，而后利用非线性最小二乘法将瞬时频率提取值与预测值相拟合，进而估计声源的
运动参数 (声源的运动速度、静止频率、与接收器最小水平距离及经过最近点时刻)。仿真与实验均能较为准确
地估计出声源运动参数，同时在实验中实现了水下对空中运动声源的测距和定位，测距误差小于 15.8%。在满
足一定信噪比和保证足够多普勒信息的情况下，该参数估计方法具有很好的适用性。
关键词：空中运动声源；水下声场；运动参数估计；水下对空实验
中图法分类号: O427.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2020)02-0236-10
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2020.02.010

Motion parameters estimation of airborne source from underwater

LIU Kaiyue 1,2 PENG Zhaohui 1 ZHANG Lingshan 1 WANG Guangxu 1

(1 State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: The spectrum of airborne source includes broadband continuous spectrum and narrowband line
spectrum. The energy of line spectrum is higher than that of continuous spectrum. Compared with underwater
sound source, the velocity of airborne source is generally higher and the Doppler shift is more obvious, so it
can be used to estimate the motion parameters of airborne source from underwater. Firstly, the instantaneous
frequency of the received signal is extracted by time-frequency analysis, and then the extracted instantaneous
frequency is fitted with the predicted value by using the non-linear least square method. Then, the motion
parameters of the sound source are estimated. Both simulation and experiment can accurately estimate the
motion parameters of the sound source. Besides, ranging and positioning of the airborne moving source are
successfully performed in the experiment, and the ranging error is less than 15.8%. This parameter estimation
method has good applicability under the condition of satisfying a certain signal-to-noise ratio and ensuring
sufficient Doppler information.
Keywords: Airborne moving source; Underwater acoustic field; Motion parameters estimation; Underwater-
to-air experiment

2019-05-10 收稿; 2019-09-11 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (11674349)
∗
作者简介: 刘凯悦 (1993– ), 女, 山东德州人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 水声物理。
† 通信作者 E-mail: pzh@mail.ioa.ac.cn