Page 166 - 《应用声学》2025年第1期

第 44 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 44, No. 1
2025 年 1 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics January, 2025

⋄ 研究论文 ⋄

平行线阵扩展协方差矩阵二维波达方向估计方法 ∗

王绪虎 † 孙高利 金 序 侯玉君 王辛杰 陈建军

(青岛理工大学信息与控制工程学院 青岛 266520)

摘要：为提升水听器阵列二维波达方向 (DOA) 估计的性能，降低计算复杂度，提出一种基于双平行线阵的扩
展协方差矩阵 DOA 估计方法。该方法以平行水听器阵列接收数据为基础，构造扩展的协方差矩阵，利用线性
阵列间的平行属性对扩展矩阵的信号子空间进行分块和重组，同时筛选对应的阵列流形矩阵，然后利用旋转
不变技术的信号参数估计 (ESPRIT) 方法估计入射信号的方位角和俯仰角。该方法充分利用了双平行线阵的
自相关和互相关信息，提升了二维 DOA 估计的性能，且无需谱峰搜索则可得到估计值，降低了计算的复杂度，
节约了计算成本。仿真实验和湖上试验结果证实了该文方法的有效性和稳健性。
关键词：双平行线阵；二维波达方向估计；扩展协方差矩阵；旋转不变技术的信号参数估计
中图法分类号: TN911.7; TB566 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)01-0162-08
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.01.017

Two dimensional direction of arrival estimation method based on extended
covariance matrix of parallel linear arrays

WANG Xuhu, SUN Gaoli, JIN Xu, HOU Yujun, WANG Xinjie and CHEN Jianjun

(School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China)

Abstract: In order to improve the performance of two-dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation
and reduce the computational complexity, a DOA estimation method based on extended covariance matrix of
parallel linear arrays is proposed. An extended covariance matrix is constructed based on the data received
by parallel hydrophone arrays, and feature decomposition is performed on the extended covariance matrix
to obtain its signal subspace. Then, the signal subspace is partitioned and reorganized by using the parallel
characteristics of the parallel linear arrays and the corresponding array manifold matrix is selected. Finally, the
azimuth and elevation are estimated by using estimation signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques
(ESPRIT). The auto correlation and cross correlation information of Subarray 1 and Subarray 2 are fully
utilized to improve the accuracy of two-dimensional DOA estimation, and the computational complexity is
effectively reduced. Moreover, this method does not require spectrum peak search. Simulation experiments
and lake trials confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: Parallel linear arrays; 2-D direction of arrival estimation; Extended covariance matrix; Estimation
signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques

2023-09-16 收稿; 2024-01-19 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (62171247), 山东省自然科学基金项目 (ZR2020MF001, ZR2022MF273)
∗
作者简介: 王绪虎 (1979– ), 男, 山东济宁人, 博士, 教授，研究方向: 阵列信号处理, 水声探测, 水声通信技术。
† 通信作者 E-mail: wangxuhu@qut.edu.cn