Page 189 - 《应用声学》2025年第3期

第 44 卷 第 3 期 Vol. 44, No. 3
2025 年 5 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics May, 2025

⋄ 研究论文 ⋄

基于电磁-压电混合结构的超声波穿金属通信系统

杨 超 胡一帆 曹自平 †

(南京邮电大学通信与信息工程学院 南京 210003)
摘要：在密闭金属腔体内外间进行通信时，超声波由于没有金属屏蔽效应而成为一种良好的信号传输载体。
在基于超声波的通信系统中，用于超声波发射和接收的一对换能器往往为相同类型的压电式或电磁式结构。
考虑到压电式和电磁式换能器的各自优点和不足，该研究提出一种电磁 -压电混合结构的超声波穿金属通信
系统，该系统使用电磁式结构作为发射换能器，使用压电式结构作为接收换能器。其中所采用的电磁式超声
换能器由永磁铁和绕制线圈组成，该换能器易于制作且成本较低。在此基础上，以现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA)
和实验室自制电路为信号处理模块，进行穿越 60 mm 厚铝板的信号和图像无线传输实验系统采用通断键控进
行信号调制，通过自适应判决反馈均衡器进行信道回波消除，在 500 kHz 的载波下实现了 100 kbit/s 的通信速
率。在此基础上，该研究还进一步开展了穿金属图像无线传输的研究，恢复后的图像相对于原始图像达到了
94.02% 的相似度。
关键词：超声波通信；电磁超声换能器；判决反馈均衡器；现场可编程门阵列
中图法分类号: O429 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2025)03-0723-11
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2025.03.021

Ultrasonic through-metal communication system based on
electromagnetic-piezoelectric hybrid architecture

YANG Chao, HU Yifan and CAO Ziping

(School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
Nanjing 210003, China)

Abstract: For communication between the interior and exterior of a sealed metal enclosure, ultrasonic
waves serve as an effective signal carrier, unimpeded by metal shielding. Ultrasonic communication systems
predominantly utilize piezoelectric and electromagnetic transducers. A pair of transducers for transmission and
reception within the same system are typically of the same type. Recognizing the respective advantages and
limitations of piezoelectric and electromagnetic transducers, this study introduces an ultrasonic through-metal
communication system based on electromagnetic-piezoelectric hybrid structure. The system uses an electro-
magnetic structure as the transmitting transducer and a piezoelectric structure as the receiving transducer.
The employed electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is composed of a permanent magnet and a winding coil,
which is easy to fabricate and has low cost. Building on this, signal and image wireless transmission tests were
conducted using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and laboratory made circuits for signal processing,
achieving signal penetration through a 60 mm thick aluminum plate. Utilizing on-off keying (OOK) for signal
modulation and decision feedback equalization (DFE) for channel echo cancellation, the system achieves

2024-01-18 收稿; 2024-04-13 定稿
作者简介: 杨超 (1999– ), 男, 河南南阳人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 超声波通信。
† 通信作者 E-mail: caozp@njupt.edu.cn