Page 30 - 应用声学2019年第4期

第 38 卷 第 4 期 Vol. 38, No. 4
2019 年 7 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics July, 2019

⋄ 李启虎院士八十华诞学术论文 ⋄

利用水平阵模态域波束形成判别声源深度 ∗

郭良浩 1† 刘志韬 1,2 闫 超 1

(1 中国科学院声学研究所 声场声信息国家重点实验室 北京 100190)
(2 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)

摘要 针对近水面声源和水下声源的深度判别问题，根据近水面声源难以激发低阶模态的物理现象，研究利
用声源波数谱结构和波数位置的不同来分辨近水面声源和水下声源。通过采用最小方差无失真响应的谱估计
方法进行模态域波束形成，补偿水平阵各阵元之间各号简正波的相位差，获得主瓣窄、旁瓣低的声源信号波数
谱。波数谱的波数位置与频率呈近似线性关系，水中声速剖面、海底参数、海深都会影响波数谱的具体结构和
位置。此外，声源信号的到达角估计误差同样也会影响波数谱主瓣的位置估计。数值仿真结果表明，在浅海负
跃层声速剖面条件下，可利用水平阵模态域波束形成判别声源深度，区分近水面声源和水下声源。
关键词 浅海负跃层，模态域波束形成，波数谱，声源深度判别
中图法分类号: O427.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2019)04-0490-11
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2019.04.004

Source depth discrimination based on beamforming in modal domain by a
horizontal array

GUO Lianghao 1 LIU Zhitao 1,2 YAN Chao 1

(1 State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract In order to distinguish the depth of the near-surface sound source and the underwater sound
source, according to the physical phenomenon that the near-surface sound source is difficult to excite low-order
modes, the identification of the near-surface sound source and the underwater sound source is studied by using
the difference of wavenumber spectrum structure and wavenumber position of sound sources. The spectrum
estimation method of minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) is used to beamforming in modal
domain to compensate the phase difference of the modes between the elements of the horizontal array, and the
wavenumber spectrum of the source signal with narrow main lobe and low side lobe is obtained. The position
of wavenumber of wavenumber spectrum is approximately linear with frequency. Sound velocity profile, seabed
parameters and sea depth will affect the specific structure and location of wavenumber spectrum. In addition,
the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation error of the source signal also affects the position estimation of the
main lobe of the wavenumber spectrum. The numerical simulation results show that in the case of negative
thermocline of shallow water, the horizontal array modal domain beam forming can effectively distinguish the
sound source depth, and distinguish the near-surface sound source from the underwater sound source.
Key words Negative thermocline in shallow water, Beamforming in modal domain, Wave number spectrum,
Source depth discrimination

2019-02-15 收稿; 2019-04-05 定稿
国家自然科学基金项目 (61571436, 11434012, 11874061), 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目 (QYZDY-SSW-SLH005)
∗
作者简介: 郭良浩 (1969- ), 男, 浙江东阳人, 研究员, 研究方向: 水声信号处理。
† 通讯作者 E-mail: glh2002@mail.ioa.ac.cn