Page 45 - 《应用声学》2020年第6期

第 39 卷 第 6 期 Vol. 39, No. 6
2020 年 11 月 Journal of Applied Acoustics November, 2020

⋄ 研究报告 ⋄

浅海单矢量传感器宽带声源三维定位仿真 ∗

于梦枭 1,2 周士弘 1†

(1 中国科学院声学研究所 声场声信息国家重点实验室 北京 100190)
(2 中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
摘要：针对浅海水平不变波导中利用单矢量传感器的低频宽带声源三维被动定位问题，首先利用平均声强器
估计声源方位；其次，通过分离后的简正模声压和水平振速分量联合处理获得运动声源相对速度，进一步基于
垂直复声强中简正模相干项特征频率不变性以及长时间窗口中多快拍信号的统一处理，建立以 warping 变换
归一化频谱强度和作为代价函数的距离搜索处理器，估计该段信号的初始距离，进而获得各时刻声源距离，所
提出的方法避免了对拷贝声场和引导声源的依赖。信噪比大于 10 dB 时，相对误差在 11.33% 之内；最后，利用
多阶简正模相干项与非相干项能量的模基处理方法，当声场中存在三阶以上简正模时，对声源深度进行匹配
估计。仿真分析表明，单个矢量传感器能够完成声源的方位、距离及深度的三维定位。
关键词：浅海波导；低频宽带声源；三维定位；单矢量传感器
中图法分类号: O427.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-310X(2020)06-0839-10
DOI: 10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2020.06.006

Three-dimensional localization of broadband source using single vector sensor

in shallow water

YU Mengxiao 1,2 ZHOU Shihong 1

(1 State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
(2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: Aiming at passively positioning a low-frequency broadband sound source in shallow water waveguide,
a three-dimension localization approach using a single vector is proposed. The conventional acoustic intensity
estimator is applied to estimate the azimuth of the single source. In range-independent environment, the
relative radial velocity of a moving source can firstly be estimated using a combined processing of the pressure
component and the horizontal vibration velocity component of the filtered normal modes. Furthermore, the
source range is estimated based on to the characteristic frequency invariability of coherence normal mode pairs
using vertical complex intensity component and processing multi-snapshot signals within a long time window.
The cost-function based on the normalized spectrum intensity sum of these signals by warping transform is
employed to search the initial range. And then the range course of the source can be calculated. The range
estimation approach is independent of the replica field computations and the guided source. The relative error
is less than 11.33% when signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 10 dB. Finally, the source depth is estimated by
a model-based approach employing the ratio of energy between coherent terms and incoherent terms of normal
modes. The estimation is unique when at least three-order normal modes are employed. The simulations show
that the source azimuth, range and depth can be estimated for the single vector sensor.
Keywords: Shallow water waveguide; Low-frequency broadband sound source; Three-dimension passive local-
ization; Single vector sensor
2020-03-23 收稿; 2020-07-15 定稿
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目 (QYZDY-SSW-SLH005), 国家自然科学基金项目 (11804362, 11804364)
∗
作者简介: 于梦枭 (1991– ), 男, 黑龙江哈尔滨人, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 水声信号处理。
† 通信作者 E-mail: shih_zhou@mail.ioa.ac.cn